The best sunscreen is one you will use consistently and correctly. In the United States, the label gives you three especially useful pieces of information: broad-spectrum protection, the SPF value, and water resistance.
Three things to look for on the label
Broad spectrum
Broad-spectrum sunscreen helps protect against both UVA and UVB radiation. SPF primarily describes protection from the UV radiation that causes sunburn, so the broad-spectrum wording matters.
SPF 30 or higher
The American Academy of Dermatology recommends choosing SPF 30 or higher. A higher number does not mean you can skip reapplication or stay in the sun indefinitely.
Water resistant
No sunscreen is waterproof. In the U.S., a water-resistant product must state whether it maintains its labeled protection for 40 or 80 minutes while swimming or sweating. Follow the timing on the Drug Facts label.
How to use sunscreen effectively
- Apply it about 15 minutes before going outdoors so it can provide its intended protection.
- Use enough to cover all exposed skin. The FDA says an average adult or child needs at least 1 ounce—roughly a shot-glass amount—to cover the body from head to toe; individual needs vary with body size and clothing.
- Cover easy-to-miss areas such as the ears, neck, hands, tops of the feet, hairline, exposed scalp, and lips with an appropriate SPF lip balm.
- Reapply at least every two hours outdoors, and more often after swimming or sweating. Use the product label for its exact water-resistance directions.
Sunscreen is one layer, not the whole plan
Pair sunscreen with shade, protective clothing, a wide-brim hat, and UV-blocking sunglasses. Limiting direct exposure when ultraviolet radiation is most intense adds protection that sunscreen alone cannot provide. Avoid indoor tanning.
A simple everyday checklist
- Broad spectrum.
- SPF 30 or higher.
- Water resistant when swimming or sweating.
- Applied generously before exposure.
- Reapplied on schedule and after water or sweat.
- Used together with shade and protective clothing.
Check the expiration date and the product’s Drug Facts label. If you have a history of skin reactions, take medications that increase sun sensitivity, or need advice for an infant, ask a qualified healthcare professional.
This article provides general education and does not replace advice from a healthcare professional or the directions on your sunscreen label.